Periodic Table Groups Explanation

Periodic table groups are also known as chemical families. These can be found as columns in the periodic table. The key thing to remember with groups or chemical families is that the elements within a same column. They are gonna have similar chemical and physical properties. So, that means lithium, sodium potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium are all gonna have very similar chemical and physical properties. So, they're gonna kind of look and act the same.

Periodic Table Groups Explanation

What's interesting about the periodic table groups? In brief, all of the elements in a column for the most part and there's tons of exceptions. But for the most part the elements in the column have very similar properties. That's because the elements in a column or the elements in a group. In short, they tend to have the same number of valence electrons and electrons in the outermost shell. They tend to coincide. Although, there's a slightly different variation. Furthermore, the valence electrons. These are the electrons that are going to react, which tend to be the outermost shell electrons.

Group 1 Alkali Metals - Periodic Table Groups

To begin with, first group of periodic table has 06 elements. Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs), Francium (Fr).

They are very reactive elements.
They have one valence electron which makes them react.
They're going to be a very soft metal.
They have low melting points and boiling points.
They're gonna be found in compounds reacted with halogens.

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals - Periodic Table Groups

Next, second group of periodic table has 06 chemical elements. Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra).

They're fairly reactive but less reactive than the alkali metals.
They're gonna be shiny much harder than the alkali metals.
They are silvery and white color.
They're gonna have two valence electrons.
The alkaline earth metals are going to be a solid at room temperature.

Groups 3 to 12 Transition Metals - Periodic Table Groups

In periodic table group 3 to 12 elements are called transition metals. It has 38 chemical elements. So, this is a larger group of elements in periodic table. Transition metals include so many elements that there's really a wide range of different properties. Also, they have lot of different valence electrons and say move across the periodic table. However, the transition metals for the most part are gonna be hard and solids except for mercury. Mercury is the only liquid metal. They are very conductive. In addition, they're used in electric wires. Lot some of them are quite rare or may consider precious metals like gold and platinum. So, they're pretty expensive and turned into jewelry. 38 transition metals in this group are given below.

Scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu). Zinc (Zn), Yttrium (Y), Zirconium (Zr), Niobium (Nb), Molybdenum (Mo), Technetium (Tc), Ruthenium (Ru), Rhodium (Rh), Palladium (Pd). Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Hafnium (Hf), Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W), Rhenium (Re), Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir), Platinum (Pt), Gold (Au). Mercury (Hg), Rutherfordium (Rf), Dubnium (Db), Seaborgium (Sg), Bohrium (Bh), Hassium (Hs), Meitnerium (Mt), Darmstadtium (Ds), Roentgenium (Rg), Copernicium (Cn).

Group 13 Triels or Boron Family

Thirteen group of periodic table has 06 chemical elements. Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), Thallium (Tl), Nihonium (Nh).

They do not occur elementally in nature.
They're pretty scarce except for aluminum which is one of the most abundant metals in our universe.
Boron family have three valence electrons.
They are metallic except for boron which is the Metalloids.
They are also chemically reactive at moderate temperatures except for boron.

Group 14 Tetragens or Carbon Family

Fourteen group of periodic table has 06 chemical elements. Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), Flerovium (Fl). The carbon family which is quite possibly one of the most important elements represented on the periodic table. As carbon is the stuff of life.

In the carbon family, has one nonmetal which is carbon.
They have two metals, tin and lead.
They have two metalloid, it's silicon and germanium
Carbon family have four valence electrons.
They tend to form covalent bonds.
They have gas ability to combine with itself and long chains.
It also exists in at least three allotropic forms.
Graphite and diamond.

Group 15 Pnictogens or Nitrogen Family

Fifteen group of periodic table has 05 chemical elements. Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Bismuth (Bi). So, nitrogen is really important because it is a part of the area that we breathe.

In the nitrogen family, has two nonmetal which is nitrogen and phosphorus.
They have one metal, its bismuth.
They have two metalloid, it's arsenic and antimony.
Nitrogen Family have five valence electrons and so in knowing that we know that
They form covalent compounds with oxidation numbers of +3 or +5.

Group 16 Chalcogens or Oxygen Family

Sixten group of periodic table has 06 chemical elements. Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te), Polonium (Po), Livermorium (Lv).

The oxygen family has six valence electrons.
Oxygen tends to form covalent compounds with other elements.
The two most common molecular forms of O2 and O3.
O2 is oxygen. O3 is ozone gas. They are allotropes. There are different forms of the same element in the same state.
Also, oxygen has a tendency to attract electrons from other elements.
Oxygen in combination with metal is almost always present as the oxide ion or O2 negative.
Sulfur also exists in several allotropic forms. One of the most common is s8.
Also, sulfur gain electrons to form sulfides that contain the s2 negative ion.

Group 17 Halogens or Fluorine Family

Seventeen group of periodic table has 06 chemical elements. Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At), Tennessine (Ts). In summary, the halogens are very reactive. They're actually the most reactive elements on the periodic table. The element fluorine is the most reactive element of all the elements. Also, they're generally gonna react with alkaline metals to form salts. But they will pretty much react with any other metal. Their gases liquids and solids. Lastly, if you move from the top to the bottom on the halogens. Things become more solid. Fluorine and chlorine are both gases. Furthermore, bromine is a liquid and as we move down, they turn into solvents.

Group 18 Noble Gases or Helium/Neon Family

Eighteen group of periodic table has 07 chemical elements. Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn), Oganesson (Og). The noble gases are highly unreactive. They really won't react with anything. Also, they have a full valence shell of eight electrons well except for helium. In addition, helium only has two electrons because it's in the very first period. All of these are going to be gases at room temperature. Also, they're going to be colorless gases. But if we apply some electricity to any of the noble gases. We get them to shine and this is a neon light. You can make lights out of any of these elements by filling a glass tube sealing it. Lastly, applying a lek electric current through the gas to make it light up.

Conclusion of Periodic Table Groups

So, that's a brief introduction to periodic table groups and its key points are.

Group 1 has 06 elements and is called alkali metals or lithium family.
Also, Group 2 has 06 elements and is called alkaline earth metals or beryllium family.
Groups 3 to 12 has 38 elements and is called transition metals.
Group 13 has 06 elements and is called triels or boron family.
Also, Group 14 has 06 elements and is called tetrels/tetragens or carbon family.
Periodic table Group 15 has 05 elements and is called pnictogens or nitrogen family.
Group 16 has 06 elements and is called chalcogens or oxygen family.
Group 17 has 06 elements and is called halogens or fluorine family.
Lastly, Group 18 has 07 elements and is called noble gases or helium/neon family.